Technology for a Paper Building

Dan Colesniuc PhD., 
Professor Ion Ivan PhD.

The redaction of the results of a research represents the stage of placement in value of activity deployment of a person or a team. It is described the context of a deployment of a research and the practice modalities of elaboration a paper for the publication in a specialty journal. There is development the aspects of the documentation stages requirements, elaboration and preparation for scientific verification of a paper. It is underlined the modalities of relegate, structure and general equilibrium of the paper as entire.

1.	The context of the scientific research activity 

The research and technology development, as integral part of the innovate processes, constitution in Romania the national priority, having a determination roll in the strategy of durable economic development.
The national strategy in the field of development-research defines the state policy for realize the objectives of national interest in this field and it is approved through administration decision.
The development-research activity is regulated by a series of normative acts, as Law nr. 324/2003, O.G. nr. 57/2002 or O.G. nr. 65/2002.
Thus, these normative acts establish organic the coordination, the correlation and the realization of national policies in the field of development-research activity and of the knowledge.
The paper represents a strategy of communication in the domain of development-research activity.
The paper is essential in the stages of development-research activities, for to define the domain, in project management, in the evaluation of specifics activities, in the training of specialists in the domain, in the capitalization of the results, etc.
If we looked on the paper as a system that must answer at a series of requirements:
•	the expectations of the potential reader;
•	internal constrains in elaboration;
•	external constrains in elaboration;
•	the possibility of evaluation of effectiveness of  the propose theme;
•	the possible boundaries of the propose subject;
•	the possible interfaces with the other domains in the connection;
•	the applications environments;
•	the validity in time of the paper;
•	the coherence in the onset;
•	the scientific requirements in the elaboration;
•	the modes of the distribution;
•	scientific performance measures;
•	the social and economic integration of the subject of the paper.
Therefore, it is imposed as a necessity the define some of the structural components that are relegated to “Technology for a PAPER building”, for the realize of the coherence and the continuation of the development-research activities, of the knowledge and the innovation.

2. The structure of the paper intended for publication 

The title of the paper is essential; the formulation of the title must be short, concise, using the key words that will be present in the paper content, thus for the potential reader will be clear the domain of the paper and inside the domain the specific subject proposed by author.
Obligatory, the paper must have a abstract, that must not represent either an introduction of the paper or a development of the content of its.
The abstract must give the consistency the title and to underline by the domain keys words, the force elements/components of the paper.
	The abstract is very important as semantics, because by the title careful explicit of the paper, it will influence the potential reader in the adjudication of read or not the paper.
	The size of the abstract must be no more than 100-150 words; a great size could misappropriate the reader of the paper content.
The mention of the keywords after the abstract is essential for the completion of the global image of the reader about the paper domain and the semantics of the specific author preoccupations.
The title, the abstract and the key words must have a homogeneous character and with a certain grade of complementary, forming an entire with a determine meaning, that will decide the interest for that paper.
The introduction must clear define the domain of the paper, the social and economic interest for it, as the general preoccupations inside the domain.
It will be important to underline the realizations in the past, its boundaries and the potential necessity for development by promotions of new ideas.
In a logical manner, the introduction will underline as well very clear the author preoccupations and the trends at the moment, motivating the subject of the paper.
The introduction must be elaborate in the general terms of knowledge, with the using a minimal abstract specific elements, take into account that a paper as a rule, and it is addressed for the specialists and the less specialists in the specific domain.
A good elaborating introduction will determine as the proposed objectives, as the essential point of the paper that will be running, to be easier accepting viewpoint of understanding and the ideas appropriation.
The content of the paper must point very clear the author ideas relative with the preoccupations in the domain field that was underline in the introduction.
The consistency of paper is given of the elaborated preoccupations and the results of the author.
The preoccupations and the results obtained by author must be viewing in parallel with the present similar preoccupations and results in the interest domain.
The evaluation criterions and methodologies of the results and measures must be present, being important for the subject credibility and understanding.
It is essential to underline how is correlated, respectively how is integrated those results in the preoccupation general effort and how could be promote.
	The bibliography references as well as the determination of studies and scientific communications are essential for belief in the professional onset.
	It is important as the bibliography references, respectively the possible citations from other paper haven’t an iterate character. 
	 The graphics representations, the scheme, the figure in general will be inside the paper nearer of point that is relegated, respectively grouping in a logical chain in the annex.
The conclusions must represent a distinct part, for underline punctual the implications of the subject, that represent the object of paper.
The conclusions must force in addition by repeating in a certain measure of the aspects that was underlined in the introduction, the importance of the subject inside of the specific domain; to determination in the large terms the effects of the present results that was obtained and their effects in the starting of new directions of development-research in the future.
The fixing the present and future priorities is essential in the future development of the subject.
As well must underline the implications in the social and economic plan on the medium and long term.
	Bibliography that follow must have a structural form of point of view of the domain, for to underline afresh the importance of the subject. 
Bibliography must contain the known titles, respectively the known authors in the domain.
The bibliography titles will contain the specific key words of the domain. 
The bibliography will have a hierarchical structure, containing first the most important papers of the domain, then the special journal and WEB addresses.
 The annexes that will be at the end of the paper must represent a logical chain, similar with the content of the paper.
	 The list of acronyms must be completed and explicit, for don’t create ambiguities in the interpretation of the paper. 	

3. The qualitative requirements of the elaboration process 

The structure on the semantics components above mentioned, represent a global cadre for the redaction of the papers. 
The paper structure above mentioned will have some specific modifications in function of the “The instructions for redaction of the paper” of each publisher, that directly underline the placement of the paper in the page.  
In general these instructions are relegated at: 
•	text: what utilitarian program will be used; type of fonts; delimitation’s of paragraph; dimension of page, etc; 
•	formulas and expressions: what program will be used; the standard that will be used, etc;
•	figures: the format type; dimension of typing, etc;
•	images: minimal resolution; type of format; etc;
•	numbering: for tables and figures; number of pages, etc.
		A development of a text must fulfil a series of qualitative requirements. The text must represent a gradual onset of the problems. In this context the scheme of elaboration impose that in the abstract the problems to be present in the order in which will be development in the paper. The text must contain the definitions that will be present before the using of the concepts. In the case in that of the starting it’s represented the target group that possesses the necessary knowledge about the concepts that will be utilised, in the paper will be present only the new concepts or old concepts with the new semantic.
		It’s important that all definitions to be present before using them. The author or authors of the paper must utilise the usual symbols that are specific for the domain in discussion. For instance the domain is the physics, is mandatory that for express the mass of a body to be used the symbol m and for express the speed, the symbol v.
		As well, it doesn’t use the same symbol for two different variables.					For the formulas will be clear underlined the purports of each variables. For instances, relation gives C the indicator of the charge grade of matrix: 
	 
					G = k / (M*N)
			where:
				K – number of elements different of zero;
				M – number of columns;
				N – number of lines;
	
The gradual onset suppose:
- the clear definitions of the problem that will be solve;
- the presentation of the realisation with underlining the results that was obtained in the country and in abroad;
- the establish of the new elements that are specific for the author in his paper; 
- the description of the models, of the original algorithms and modifications of the authors; 
- the comparative presentation of the results using the old algorithms, respectively using the new algorithms for to underline the advantages of the original solution that was described in the paper.

		In case in that the paper is a synthesis, is mandatory to be specified that character and the paper must contain the comparative analyses for the same set of date using different techniques, models and algorithms. The potential results won’t be negligible.
		The text must be coherent with a logical running step by step.The text must be italics, without come back, without many references to already present or that will be presented in continuation.
		The text must have a structure as a tree. At the first level must be the concentration element that is a key word which defines the objective, it will be the root noose of the structure.
		At the second level find out:
- the abstract;
- the basis concepts;
- the content of the problem;
- the description of the new aspects that are define by author;
- the comparisons of the solutions and the results that were obtained in the past and at the present;
- the evaluation of results;
- the conclusions.

		The third level includes for each noose mentioned above more details. In general, many authors write the abstract at the final of the paper. It’s an error because the author knows the content of the paper before of elaborating it. It’s truth that sometime the author in the process of elaboration make some corrections or add new models, but all of these don’t modify decisive the content of the paper.	
		The text has an open character in rapport with adding or modification of the elements that are analysed. 
	
		4. The validation of the paper

		The validation is an important moment in the process of elaboration of the paper. It’s a stage that underline the capacity of the self-evaluation of the author. First of all the paper is read for to see that the style of presentation is coherent and if are respected the quality requirements.	Then will be made an analyse of the text consistency for to se if the concepts that are used are defined and if the all elements that are defined are utilised. Then will be verified the bibliography is correct and complete, as well as of point of view of citations. It’s reasonable that all materials that are contented in the bibliography to be mentioned at least once and don’t mention a material in excess.
		The third of all is important that in the process of validation to analyse the formulas that are correct, complete, that are linked with the abstract content and are used for the dates that are mentioned in the paper.	It’s important that the comparative elements to be presented in the tables for the clarity of the original results of the author.
		The fourth of all the validation must put the accent on the paper content, for seeing that the demonstration and hypothesis systems haven’t false elements and that could be removed by identifying the weak points. Don’t forget that the papers are published in the speciality journals and will be reading of specialists in the domain. The mark specialists don’t accept the errors to be present in the scientific world and in the future for the author won’t be possible to try again to publish something.
		The fifth of all the validation supposes a level of exigency and retention about the universal character, world of the presented results. They are news, but their importance, their premiere character result of the paper context and not of phrases that are given in a text. 

		5. The characteristic of continuity 

 		A paper is written for to be sending to a journal. Therefore the author must study careful the content of the journal, the publish exigencies that are in general presented in the final of journal. For instances IEEE journal mention elements as: 
- the mode of redaction;
- the mode of writing of bibliography;
- the representation of figures and tables;
- the quotation;
- the presentation of authors;
- the numbering of chapters;
- the content;
- the dimension of text;
-	the duration for analysis, revision of text and accepting as far as printing.
		
		It’s very important that author to development the paper in order that to respect all the definitions of the publisher.
		First of all the author will respect the imposed requirements as regards the structure, the domain, the length of paper and annexes.	
		Second of all the author will mention the other papers that were published in the journal with the same domain that is handled at that moment.	
		Third off all if the author contacted the other authors, the author will mention this aspect and thanks them for their help and suggestions.	
		Fourth of all the author won’t include the elements that are presented either in other papers or in other books and he will utilise strict only those concepts and models which are the essential for his purpose. If the results are decisive and checked, the author will utilise little less the verb “CAN”, which eliminate the certainties and will use little less the verbs at the future tense, that in general underline that the research activities aren’t finalised.  

		6. Conclusions 

		The paper is essential in the stages of development-research activities, for to define the domain, in project management, in the evaluation of specifics activities, in the training of specialists in the domain, in the capitalization of the results, etc.
The research and technology development, as integral part of the innovates processes, constitution in Romania the national priority, having a determination roll in the strategy of durable economic development.
		The national strategy in the field of development-research defines the state policy for realize the objectives of national interest in this field and it is approved through administration decision.

		References

[IVAN01]	 Ivan Ion,	Development Strategies, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest 2001;  
[DAUP00]	Defense Acquisition University Press, Systems Engineering Fundamentals, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, 2000;
[LAW03]	Law nr. 324/2003;
[OG57]	O.G. nr. 57/2002;
[OG65]	O.G. nr. 65/2002.